Môi trường không còn là một chủ đề mới lại trong IELTS Speaking, tuy nhiên tần suất thí sinh IELTS bắt gặp chủ đề này là không nhỏ, kể cả trong các kỹ năng khác như listening, reading và writing.
Trong bài học hôm nay, IELTS Fighter xin giới thiệu list rất nhiều từ vựng về môi trường bao gồm cả những từ vựng căn bản và nâng cao. Bên cạnh đó, thầy cũng đưa ra một số câu hỏi kèm theo câu trả lời mẫu cùng một số câu hỏi tự luyện tập. Mong rằng qua chia sẻ này, chủ đề môi trường không thể làm khó các bạn thêm được nữa!
Vocabulary - Collocation
Một số từ vựng thuộc chủ đề Environment chắc chắn bạn sẽ gặp trong bài thi IELTS:
| agriculture | (n) | /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/ | nông nghiệp |
| air quality | (n) | /ˈer kwɑːləti/ | chất lượng không khí |
| be under threat | (phr) | /ˈʌndər θret/ | bị đe dọa, đang gặp nguy |
| become extinct | (col) | /bɪˈkʌm ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ | bị tuyệt chủng |
| biodiversity | (n) | /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/ | đa dạng sinh học |
| drainage | (n) | /ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/ | sự rút nước, hệ thống thoát nước |
| dry up | (phr. v) | /draɪ ʌp/ | khô cằn, cạn kiệt |
| endangered species | (n phr.) | /ɪnˈdeɪndʒərd ˈspiːʃiːz/ | loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng |
| environmental issue | (n phr.) | /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl ˈɪʃuː/ | vấn đề về môi trường |
| environmentally friendly | (adj) | /ɪnˌvaɪrənmentəli ˈfrendli/ | thân thiện với môi trường |
| exhaust fumes | (n phr.) | /ɪɡˈzɔːst fjuːmz/ | khói thải, khí thải |
| fossil fuel | (n) | /ˈfɑːsl fjuːəl/ | nhiên liệu hóa thạch |
| get back to nature | (idm) | /ɡet bæk tə ˈneɪtʃər/ | trở về trạng thái tự nhiên/ hòa mình với thiên nhiên |
| glacier | (n) | /ˈɡleɪʃər/ | sông băng |
| global warming | (n) | /ˌɡləʊbl ˈwɔːrmɪŋ/ | sự nóng lên toàn cầu |
| grave | (adj) | /ɡreɪv/ | nghiêm trọng, quan trọng |
| greenhouse effect | (n) | /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɪfekt/ | hiệu ứng nhà kính |
| leftover | (adj) | /ˈleftəʊvər/ | dư thừa ra, còn lại |
| litter | (v) | /ˈlɪtər/ | xả rác, vứt rác bừa bãi |
| measure | (n) | /ˈmeʒər/ | biện pháp, cách xử lý |
| natural balance | (n phr.) | /ˈnætʃrəl ˈbæləns/ | sự cân bằng tự nhiên |
| natural disaster | (n) | /ˌnætʃrəl dɪˈzæstər/ | thiên tai |
| paper recycling | (n phr.) | /ˈpeɪpər ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ/ | việc tái chế giấy |
| poach | (v) | /pəʊtʃ/ | săn trộm, câu trộm |
| poacher | (n) | /ˈpəʊtʃər/ | kẻ săn trộm |
| pollutant | (n) | /pəˈluːtənt/ | chất gây ô nhiễm |
| preserve | (v) | /prɪˈzɜːrv/ | giữ gìn, bảo tồn, bảo vệ |
| sea level | (n) | /ˈsiː levl/ | mực nước biển |
| toxic waste | (n phr.) | /ˈtɑːksɪk weɪst/ | chất thải độc hại |
| vulnerable | (adj) | /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ | dễ bị nguy hiểm, dễ bị tấn công |
| Over-exploitation | (v) | /ˈəʊvə(r) ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/ | Khai thác quá mức |
| Ecosystem | (n) | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | Hệ sinh thái |
| Eco-friendly |
|
| Thân thiện với môi trường |
| Eco-tourism |
|
| Du lịch sinh thái |
| Emissions | (n) | /ɪˈmɪʃnz/ | Khí thải |
| Deforestation | (n) | /ˌdiˌfɑrəˈsteɪʃn/ | Sự tàn phá rừng |
| Afforestation |
|
| Sự bảo vệ rừng |
| Ozone layer | (n) | /ˈəʊzəʊn leɪə(r)/ | Tầng Ozon |
| Ozone depletion | /ˈoʊzoʊn dɪˈpliːʃən/ | Sự suy giảm ozone | |
| Renewable energy | (n) | /rɪˈnuːəbl ˈɛnərdʒi/ | Năng lượng tái tạo |
| alternative energy |
| Năng lượng thay thế | |
| Sustainable development | (n) | /səˈsteɪnəbəl dɪˈveləpmənt/ | Phát triển bền vững |
| Urbanization | (n) | /ˌərbənəˈzeɪʃn/ | Sự đô thị hoá |
| Water scarcity | (n) | /ˈwɑt̮ərˈskɛrsət̮i/ | Sự khan hiếm nước = shortage |
| Zero waste | /ˌzɪr.oʊ ˈweɪst/ | Không rác thải | |
| Drought | (n) | /draʊt/ | hạn hán |
| Biodegradable | (n) | /ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/ | Phân hủy sinh học |
| Climate | (n) | /ˈklaɪmət/ | Khí hậu |
| Climate change | (n) | /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ | thay đổi khí hậu |
| Energy | (n) | /ˈenədʒi/ | Năng lượng |
Một số từ vựng quan trọng khác:
| Natural resources | n | /ˈnætʃrəl rɪˈsɔːs (s)/ | Tài nguyên thiên nhiên |
| Carbon monoxide | n | /ˌkɑːbən məˈnɒksaɪd/ | Khí CO |
| Carbon dioxide | n | /ˌkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/ | Khí CO2 |
| Desertification | n | /dɪˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | Sa mạc hóa |
| Disposable products | n | /dɪˈspəʊzəbl ˈprɒdʌkts/ | Sản phẩm dùng 1 lần |
| Acid rain | n | /ˌæsɪd ˈreɪn/ | Mưa axit |
| Earthquake | n | /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ | động đất |
| Endangered species | n | /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd ˈspiːʃiːz/ | Những loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng |
| Energy conservation | n | /ˈenədʒi ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ | Bảo tồn năng lượng |
| Extinction | n | /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ | Sự tuyệt chủng |
| Flood | n | /flʌd/ | Lũ Lụt |
| Fumes | n | /fjuːmz/ | khói |
| Global warming | n | /ˈɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ | Sự nóng lên toàn cầu |
| (the) Greenhouse effect | n | /ðə ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɪfekt/ | hiệu ứng nhà kính |
| Renewable energy | n | /rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈenədʒi/ | Năng lượng tái tạo |
| Pollution | n | /pəˈluːʃn/ | Sự ô nhiễm |
| Recycle waste | n | /ˌriːˈsaɪkl weɪst/ | Chất thải tái chế |
| Sustainable development | n | /səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈveləpmənt/ | Phát triển bền vững |
| Tsunami | n | /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ | Sóng thần |
| Man-made disaster | n | /ˌmæn ˈmeɪd dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ | tai họa do người gây ra |
| Natural disaster | n | /ˈnætʃrəl dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ | Thảm họa thiên nhiên |
| Natural environment | n | /ˈnætʃrəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ | Môi trường tự nhiên |
| to become extinct | /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ | Bị tuyệt chủng | |
| to be under threat |
| Bị đe dọa | |
| to die out |
| Bị chết dần chết mòn | |
| environmentally friendly | adj | /ɪnˌvaɪrənmentəli ˈfrendli/ | Thân thiện với môi trường |
| exhaust fumes | n | /ɪɡˈzɔːst fjuːmz/ | khí thải |
| future generations | n | /ˈfjuːtʃə(r) ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ | Các thế hệ tương lai |
| humanitarian aid | n | /hjuːˌmænɪˈteəriən eɪd/ | Viện trợ nhân đạo |
| impact on | v | /ˈɪmpækt ɒn/ | Tác động vào |
| loss of habitat | v | /lɒs əv ˈhæbɪtæt/ | Mất môi trường sống |
| the natural world | n | /ðə ˈnætʃrəl wɜːld/ | Thế giới tự nhiên |
| poaching | n | /pəʊtʃɪŋ/ | Săn bắn trái phép |
| pollution levels | n | /pəˈluːʃn ˈlevlz/ | Các mức độ ô nhiễm |
| wildlife conservation | n | /ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ | Bảo tồn động vật hoang dã |
| exhaust emissions | n | /ɪɡˈzɔːst ɪˈmɪʃnz/ | khí thải |
| contaminate | v | /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ | Làm ô nhiễm |
| discharge | v | /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ | Phóng điện |
| aquatic | n | /əˈkwætɪk/ | Thủy sinh |
| life-threatening | v | /ˈlaɪf θretnɪŋ/ | đe dọa tính mạng |
| awareness | v | /əˈweənəs/ | nhận thức |
| protective | adj | /prəˈtektɪv/ | bảo vệ |
| traditional farming practices | n | /trəˈdɪʃənl ˈfɑːmɪŋ ˈpræktɪs(s)/ | tập quán canh tác truyền thống |
| mountainous regions | n | /ˈmaʊntənəs ˈriːdʒənz/ | vùng núi |
| prosperity | n | /prɒˈsperəti/ | sự phồn vinh |
| environmental problem | n | /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl ˈprɒbləm/ | vấn đề môi trường |
| pollutant | n | /pəˈluːtənt/ | chất gây ô nhiễm |
| pesticides | n | /ˈpestɪsaɪdz/ | thuốc trừ sâu |
| fertilizers | n | /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)s/ | phân bón |
| waterborne diseases | n | /ˈwɔːtəbɔːn dɪˈziːziz/ | bệnh lây qua đường nước |
| enactment | n | /ɪˈnæktmənt/ | ban hành |
| regulation | n | /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ | quy định |
| violate | v | /ˈvaɪəleɪt/ | xâm phạm |
Thử thách, điền từ vào chỗ trống nhé:
Many farmers in rural areas still rely on ....................... to cultivate their crops.
The use of excessive .................... in agriculture can lead to .................. of water sources.
The government has taken steps toward ..................... to control industrial .............................
People who ......................... related to environmental protection can face serious consequences.
In some ..............................., access to clean water can be a challenge.
Promoting sustainable agriculture can lead to both ................ for farmers and a reduction in .......................
Unsafe drinking water can lead to the spread of .....................
Wearing sunscreen and protective clothing is essential for ................... measures against harmful UV rays.
Xem bài học nha:
Speaking Part 1 Sample
1. Do you think pollution is a big problem nowadays?
Yes, definitely. Air and water pollution are huge issues in the modern world... The air pollution problem is especially grave due to the increasing amount of exhaust fumes, which are produced by cars, and result into a poor air quality.
2. What do you do to prevent our environment from pollution?
A lot of things... First of all, I don’t litter. Also, my family and I try to buy only environmentally friendly goods whenever we can... And finally, I try to save trees by printing on both sides of every sheet of paper I use and using any leftover white space to scribble notes.
3. Have you ever participated in any environmental events?
Yes, of course! Last year I participated in an event in my hometown, which was all about preserving nature... We were taught about the greenhouse effect and I learned about many endangered species in the world.
4. What kinds of animals are popular pets in your country? Why?
In Vietnam, dogs and cats are among the most popular pets. This is because dogs are seen as loyal and protective companions, and their presence is believed to bring luck and ward off evil spirits. Cats, on the other hand, are cherished for their playful and independent nature, and they are often kept to catch mice around the house.
5. How are animals in your country used for work?
Well, in my country, animals are commonly used for agricultural and transportation purposes. Water buffalo and oxen are often employed in rice farming, plowing fields, and pulling carts, as they are strong and well-suited to the country's traditional farming practices. Additionally, in some rural areas, horses are used as a means of transportation for both people and goods, particularly in mountainous regions where motorized vehicles may not be practical.
6. Are there any animals in your country that have special significance?
Of course, Vietnamese water buffalo holds special significance. It has been a symbol of hard work, strength, and prosperity for generations. Water buffaloes are not only essential for agricultural work, such as rice farming, but they are also featured prominently in cultural festivals and rituals.
Part 2 Sample
| Describe an environmental problem or event. You should say: - what the problem/ event is - why it is happening - what harmful effects it has and say how we can solve this problem. |
I would like to talk about global warming. In my opinion, it is a big, if not the biggest, problem that we are facing nowadays. The main reason of global warming is the greenhouse effect. Nowadays people are producing excessive amounts of greenhouse gases, mostly by burning fossil fuels. These gases let sunlight in, which warms the Earth, and then block that heat from leaving. That breaks the delicate natural balance and causes our planet to warm. As global warming changes the climate on the whole planet, it affects all countries in the world and causes many serious problems. For example, global warming causes the melting of glaciers, which in turn raises the sea level. Eventually, coastal areas are flooding and agriculture is damaged unless appropriate measures are taken. As it is a worldwide problem, I think that only joint efforts will help us to overcome this issue.
| Describe an environmental problem that has occurred in your country. You should say:
Explain why you think this problem is so important to solve. |
I'm going to talk about one of the most significant environmental problems in Vietnam in recent years, which is water pollution.
Water pollution is primarily caused by industrial discharge and wastewater that contain pollutants and chemicals. Additionally, runoff from agricultural areas, which may contain pesticides and fertilizers, also contributes to water pollution.
The effects of water pollution on Vietnamese people have been detrimental. Contaminated water sources can lead to health issues in humans, such as waterborne diseases and long-term health problems. It also harms aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity, disrupts fisheries, and affects the livelihoods of communities dependent on clean water sources.
Regarding the solutions, the government has taken steps to address water pollution, including the enactment of environmental regulations and standards. Authorities have increased monitoring and enforcement of industrial wastewater treatment, and companies or organizations that violate the laws will be punished harshly.
In my opinion, addressing water pollution in Vietnam is of paramount importance for several reasons. First and foremost, clean water is essential for human health and well-being, and polluted water sources can lead to a range of diseases and health problems. Moreover, Vietnam's economy relies heavily on agriculture and fisheries, both of which are threatened by water pollution.
All in all, tackling water pollution is critical not only for the health of the citizens but also for the sustainability of the country environment and economy.
Part 3 Sample
In which way do people damage our planet?
Er... In my point of view, we damage the Earth in many ways. Just take a look at all those factories that empty toxic waste into rivers and lakes... People also destroy a great deal of natural areas in search of fossil fuels. Not to mention poaching and endangering of wild animals.
Do you think that the environmental situation will improve in the nearest future?
Yes, I would like to believe so... People are getting more and more aware of the major environmental issues that we’re dealing with nowadays... I hope that we will get back to nature and start caring about our planet more.
What do you consider to be the world’s worst environmental disaster caused by humans?
In my opinion, deforestation is among the world's worst environmental disasters caused by human beings. Deforestation has had a widespread and devastating impact globally, particularly in rainforests like the Amazon. It results in the loss of valuable biodiversity and contributes to climate change by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Therefore, I believe that addressing deforestation is crucial to protect our planet's health and balance.
Why do you think environmental disasters caused by humans happen?
From where I stand, a combination of factors collectively drive human-caused environmental disasters. Firstly, there is often a strong economic incentive behind activities that lead to environmental disasters, such as deforestation for timber or industrialization for economic growth. Secondly, there can be a lack of awareness and understanding about the long-term consequences of these activities, which can lead to irresponsible decisions. Lastly, inadequate regulations can enable harmful practices to continue unchecked, contributing to environmental disasters.
Do you think there will be more environmental disasters caused by humans in the future?
I believe there is a potential for more environmental disasters caused by humans in the future. This concern arises due to various factors, such as increasing industrialization, urbanization, and population growth, which can place additional stress on natural resources and ecosystems. However, proactive measures, including stricter environmental regulations, conservation efforts, and global awareness, can help mitigate these risks and work towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future.
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