Trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh, Pronoun - Đại từ đóng vai trò quan trọng vì thế người học ngôn ngữ phải chú ý kỹ đến loại từ này. Bài học hôm nay, IELTS Fighter sẽ giới thiệu đến các bạn những loại đại từ quen thuộc, cách sử dụng trong bài thi IELTS cũng như bài tập để bạn thực hành, học tập hiệu quả nhé. Nào hãy bắt đầu bài học thôi.
7 loại đại từ phổ biến
1. Personal pronouns (Đại từ nhân xưng)
|
| Chủ ngữ | Tân ngữ | |
| Số ít | Ngôi thứ nhất Ngôi thứ hai Ngôi thứ ba | I you he/she/it | me you him/her/it |
| Số nhiều | Ngôi thứ nhất Ngôi thứ hai Ngôi thứ ba | we you they | us you them |
e.g.: We didn’t want to cook, so we ate out.
S (chủ ngữ của động từ)
I saw him singing at the bar last night.
S O (tân ngữ trực tiếp của động từ)
I gave them a dirty look because they were smoking in a non-smoking area.
S O (tân ngữ gián tiếp của động từ)
He can’t live without her.
S O (tân ngữ của giới từ)
2. Indefinite pronouns (Đại từ bất định)
| some- | something, someone, somebody | Something is bothering her. |
| any- | anything, anyone, anybody | Anyone can do it. |
| every- | everything, everyone, everybody | Everybody needs love. |
| no- | nothing, no one, nobody | No one wants to be alone. |
| Khác | all, one, none, another, each… | She was looking for some sugar but found none. |
3. Possessive pronouns (Đại từ sở hữu)
Đại từ sở hữu được hình thành từ tính từ sở hữu. Đại từ sở hữu đứng độc lập, còn tính từ sở hữu đứng trước một danh từ/ cụm danh từ.
| Đại từ nhân xưng | Tính từ sở hữu | Đại từ sở hữu |
| I | my | mine |
| you | your | yours |
| he | his | his |
| she | her | hers |
| it | its | its |
| we | our | ours |
| they | their | theirs |
| Anna | Anna’s | Anna’s |
e.g.: I knew her last name, but she didn’t know mine. (mine = my last name)
4. Reflexive pronouns (Đại từ phản thân)
| Đại từ nhân xưng | Đại từ phản thân |
| I | myself |
| you | yourself/ yourselves |
| he | himself |
| she | herself |
| it | itself |
| we | ourselves |
| they | themselves |
e.g.: You should take care of yourself first.
5. Relative pronouns (Đại từ quan hệ)
Đại từ quan hệ được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ (Xem bài Ngày 17: Mệnh đề quan hệ)
| Đại từ quan hệ | Chức năng trong câu | Ví dụ |
| who | Chỉ người: S, O | Do you recognize the girl who sat next to me in the cinema yesterday? |
| whom | Chỉ người: O | The man whom I saw told me to come back today. |
| which | Chỉ người và vật: S, O | Did she take my computer which I put on the table? |
| whose | Chỉ tính sở hữu: N whose N | I know a friend whose mother is a teacher. |
| that | Chỉ người và vật: S and O | I love the kinds of flower that smell gentle. |
Chú ý: Trong đại từ còn có các mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng where, when, why. Đây được gọi là các trạng từ quan hệ, dùng để thay thế cho at which / on which / in which / for which.
6. Demonstrative pronouns (Đại từ chỉ định)
Đại từ chỉ định được hình thành từ các tính từ chỉ định. Đại từ chỉ định chính là tính từ chỉ định đứng độc lập, không có danh từ theo sau.
| Tính từ chỉ định | Đại từ chỉ định | Đại từ chỉ định số nhiều |
| this | this | these |
| that | that | those |
7. Interrogative pronouns (Đại từ nghi vấn)
| Đại từ nghi vấn | Chức năng trong câu | Ví dụ |
| who | S, O | Who keeps the keys? |
| whose | S, O | Whose umbrella did you borrow? |
| what | S, O | Which pigeon arrived first? |
| which | S, O | What paper do you read? |
Determiners (Từ hạn định)
Từ hạn định là những từ đứng trước danh từ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ để giới hạn và xác định danh từ. Từ hạn định có thể được phân ra các loại như dưới đây:
| Loại từ hạn định | Các từ hạn định | Ví dụ |
| Mạo từ xác định | the + danh từ đếm được, danh từ không đếm được | It turned out that the Lamborghini I saw last night was Mark’s. (Hóa ra chiếc Lamborghini tôi thấy tối qua là của Mark.) |
| Mạo từ không xác định | a, an + danh từ đếm được số ít | I saw a rabbit in my house last night. (Tối hôm qua tôi thấy một con thỏ trong nhà tôi.) |
| Từ hạn định chỉ định | this, that, these, those | Look at these flowers! (Hãy nhìn những bông hoa này!) |
| Từ hạn định sở hữu (tính từ sở hữu) | my, his, her, your, our, their, its | My father works at a big company. |
| Từ hạn định chỉ số lượng | all, every, most, many, much, some, few, little, any, no, enough... | We don't have much money. (Chúng tôi không có nhiều tiền.) |
| Số từ | one, two, three, first, second, third... | I bought two cakes. (Tôi đã mua hai cái bánh.) |
| Từ hạn định nghi vấn | whose, which, what | Which books have you read? (Bạn đã đọc những quyển sách nào (trong số những quyển này)?) |
| Từ hạn định chỉ sự khác biệt | another, other, the other | I have another computer at home. (Tôi có một cái máy tính khác ở nhà.)
|
Song song học cùng đại từ, các bạn cần chú ý đến:
Trạng từ (Adverb) và cách sử dụng đúng
Mạo từ - Article và cách dùng chuẩn
Luyện tập và đáp án
Exercise 1
Điền đại từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.
| Little Red Riding Hood Once upon a time there was a girl called Little Red Riding Hood. Together with (1)………… mum, (2)………… lived in a big forest. One fine day, Little Red Riding Hood’s mother said, “(3)………… grandma is ill. Please go and take this cake and a bottle of wine to (4)…………. Grandma’s house is not too far from (5)………… house, but always keep to the path and don’t stop!” So, Little Red Riding Hood made (6)………… way to Grandma’s house. In the forest (7)………… met the big bad wolf. Little Red Riding Hood greeted (8)………… and the wolf asked: “Where are (9)………… going, Little Red Riding Hood?” “To (10)………… grandma’s house.” answered Little Red Riding Hood. “Can you tell (11)………… where (12)………… grandma lives?” “(13)………… lives in a little cottage at the edge of the forest.” “Why don’t (14)………… pick some nice flowers for (15)…………?” asked the wolf. “That’s a good idea.” said Little Red Riding Hood and began looking for flowers. Meanwhile, the wolf was on (16)………… way to grandma’s house. The house was quite small but nice and (17)………… roof was made out of straw. The wolf went inside and swallowed poor old Grandma. After that (18)………… put Grandma’s clothes on and lay down in (19)………… bed. Some time later, Little Red Riding Hood came to the little cottage. (20)………… went inside and was shocked by the sight of (21)………… grandma. “Oh grandma, what big eyes, hands and mouth (22)………… have got!” Little Red Riding Hood said. There, the wolf jumped out of bed and swallowed (23)…………, too. Then (24)………… lay down again and fell asleep. After a while, the hunter passed by Grandma’s house. (25)………… heard somebody snoring, thought that there was something wrong and consequently went inside. In the bedroom, (26)………… saw the wolf. First, the hunter wanted to shoot (27)…………, but then (28)………… saw the wolf’s big belly. So, the hunter took out (29)………… knife and cut the belly open. Out came Little Red Riding Hood and (30)………… grandma. “Thank you for saving (31)…………,” whispered Little Red Riding Hood. Then, all of (32)………… went to fetch some stones and put (33)………… in the wolf’s belly. Soon the wolf woke up. (34)………… was very thirsty and went to the well in the garden to drink some water. When the wolf wanted to lean over and drink, the stones in (35)………… belly were too heavy and pulled (36)………… down into the well. Grandma, the hunter and Little Red Riding Hood were happy, ate (37)………… cake and drank the wine. But the wolf in the well thought, “Why do such things always happen to (38)…………?” |
Exercise 2
Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. I have interviewed twenty candidates for the vacant position, but ……… of them was actually a good fit.
A. most
B. neither
C. much
D. none
E. no
2. Oakland is about to go bilingual, with two official languages, but ……… of them is English.
A. both
B. none
C. neither
D. either
E. no
3. On some computers, there are keys which can have as many as five different functions ………
A. either
B. each
C. none
D. every
E. both
4……… argument could move ……… man from this decision.
A. No / either
B. Every / both
C. No / neither
D. Each / all
E. Each / both
5……… Peter ……… Michael come here quite often but ……… of them gives us help.
A. Both / and / either
B. Neither / nor / both
C. Both / and / neither
D. Either / or / all
E. Both / or / any
6. He gave ……… of us advice about our present goals.
A. every
B. each
C. the whole
D. much
E. no
7. The Blues won the football match, but ……… players played well. In fact, they ……… played quite badly.
A. each / each
B. neither of / both
C. all / all
D. neither of the / all
E. none of the / all
8. There were ……… people on the beach, so we weren't completely alone.
A. a few
B. fewer
C. fewest
D. very little
E. only a little
9. The two brothers got up at 8:30 that day. ……… of them were tired, because ……… of them had slept well.
A. Both / neither
B. Neither / neither
C. Either / none
D. None / either
E. All / both
10. Everyone should have a checkup with the dentist ……… six months.
A. another
B. each
C. every
D. all
E. the whole
Exercise 3.
Chọn đại từ thích hợp.
1. My name is John. ……………………… am a French.
A. I
B. Me
2. My parents live in New York. We visit ……………………. often.
A. they
B. them
3. Let ……………………. help you drive the car.
A. I
B. me
4. Should ……………………. help you drive the car?
A. I
B. me
5. Can …………… show me where ………………. can find a good hotel in this city?
A. you, I
B. you, me
C. me, you
6. Jimmy should stay back after class. …………………. has volleyball practice.
A. He
B. Him
C. They
7. That book is ……………………… It is not ………………….
A. my, your
B. mine, yours
C. my, yours
8. This is ……………………. bag. That is ………………..
A. my, her
B. my, hers
C. mine, hers
9. We can go to ………………… house or we can go to ………………..
A. our, your
B. our, yours
C. ours, yours
10. My date is on 25th July and …………………. is on 1st August.
A. her
B. hers
C. she
Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi câu dưới đây.
1. I have interviewed with twenty candidates for the vacant position, but _____ of them was actually a good fit.
A. most
B. neither
C. much
D. none
2. Oakland is about to go bilingual, with two official languages, but _____ of them is English.
A. both
B. none
C. neither
D. either
3. On some computers there are keys which can have as many as five different functions _____.
A. either
B. each
C. none
D. every
4. _____ argument could move _____ man from this decision.
A. No / either
B. Every / both
C. No / neither
D. Each / all
5. _____ Peter _____ Michael come here quite often but _____ of them gives us help.
A. Both / and / either
B. Neither / nor / both
C. Both / and / neither
D. Either / or / all
6. He gave _____ of us advice about our present goals.
A. every
B. each
C. the whole
D. much
7. The Blues won the football match, but _____ players played well; In fact they _____ played quite badly.
A. each / each
B. neither of / both
C. all / all
D. none of the / all
8. There were _____ people on the beach, so we weren't completely alone.
A. a few
B. fewer
C. fewest
D. very little
9. The two brothers got up at 8:30 that day. _____ of them were tired, because _____ of them had slept well.
A. Both / neither
B. Neither / neither
C. Either / none
D. None / either
10. Everyone should have a checkup with the dentist _____ six months.
A. another
B. each
C. every
D. all
Exercise 2: Điền đại từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.
1. My name is John. ……………………… am a French.
a. I
b. Me
2. My parents live in New York. We visit ……………………. often.
a. they
b. them
3. Let ……………………. help you drive the car.
a. I
b. me
4. Should ……………………. help you drive the car?
a. I
b. me
5. Can …………… show me where ………………. can find a good hotel in this city?
a. you, I
b. you, me
c. me, you
6. Jimmy should stay back after class. …………………. has volleyball practice.
a. He
b. Him
c. They
7. That book is ……………………… It is not ………………….
a. my, your
b. mine, yours
c. my, yours
8. This is ……………………. bag. That is ………………..
a. my, her
b. my, hers
c. mine, hers
9. We can go to ………………… house or we can go to ………………..
a. our, your
b. our, yours
c. ours, yours
10. My date is on 25th July and …………………. is on 1st August.
a. her
b. hers
c. she
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng để tạo thành một bài IELTS Speaking Part 1 hoàn chỉnh.
Do you often (like to) listen to music? Or Do you like listening to music?
So far I haven’t met (1-anyone/ everyone/ no one) who dislikes listening to music. However, when the workload is too heavy (2-it/ it is/ that) requires me to stay highly focused, music is a huge distraction. Unlike (3-much/ more/ many) people who like listening to instrumental music because it highly benefits for (4-its/ his/ their) concentration and study, in my case the music makes (5-I/ myself/ me) feel instantly sleepy.
Exercise 4: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi chỗ trống để hoàn thành bài IELTS Writing task 1 hoàn chỉnh.
Secondary School Attendance
|
| 2000 | 2005 | 2009 |
| Specialist Schools | 12% | 11% | 10% |
| Grammar Schools | 24% | 19% | 12% |
| Voluntary-controlled Schools | 52% | 38% | 20% |
| Community Schools | 12% | 32% | 58% |
The (1)…….illustrates the percentage of school children attending four different types of secondary school from 2000 to 2009. It is evident that whereas the community schools experienced a marked increase in the proportion of (2)………attending their institutions over the period, the (3)………saw a corresponding decline.
To begin, the percentage of pupils in voluntary-controlled schools fell from just over half to only 20% or one fifth from 2000 to 2009. Similarly, the relative number of (4)……….in grammar schools -- just under one quarter -- dropped by half in the same period. As for the specialist schools, the relatively small percentage of pupils attending this type of school (12%) also fell, although not significantly.
However, while the other three types of school declined in importance, the opposite was true in the case of community schools. In fact, while only a small minority of 12% were educated in these schools in 2000, (5)……figure increased to well over half of all pupils during the following nine years.
1 . A. pie chart B. flow chart C. table
2. A. those B. that C. this
3. A. other B. others C. another
4. A. child B. children C. childs
5. A. these B. following C. this
Giải bài tập chi tiết:
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1
1D 2C 3B 4A 5C 6B 7D 8A 9A 10C
Exercise 2
1A 2B 3B 4A 5A 6A 7B 8B 9B 10B
Exercise 3
1. anyone
2. that
3. many
4. their
5. me
Exercise 4
1C 2A 3B 4B 5C
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