Hôm nay, IELTS Fighter sẽ chia sẻ cho các bạn kiến thức tính từ trong tiếng Anh. Đây là kiến thức rất quan trọng mà các bạn cần nắm vững để hiểu tính từ trong câu ở vị trí nào, cách hình thành cũng như sử dụng tính từ đúng nhé.
Xem bài học:
Tính từ trong tiếng Anh
1. Vị trí trong câu
| Vị trí trong câu | Ví dụ |
| Đứng trước danh từ | Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat are popular social networking sites to young people. |
| Đứng sau các động từ: be, become, get, seem, appear, look, smell, taste, feel… | Designer clothes are favored by a number of celebrities because they want to appear stylish and modern. |
| make/keep/find + O + adj | I find playing football really interesting and relaxing. |
2. Formation - Cách hình thành với hậu tố
| Original word | Hậu tố | Adjective |
| accept (v) | -able | acceptable |
| eat (v) | -ible | edible |
| economy (n) | -ic | economic |
| develop (v) | -ing | developing |
| develop (v) | -ed | developed |
| help (v) | -ful/ -less | helpful/ helpless |
| depend (v) | -ent | dependent |
| danger (n) | -ous | dangerous |
| culture (n) | -(i)al | cultural |
| introduction (n) | -ory | introductory |
| Britain (n) | -ish | British |
| live (v) | -ly | lively |
| ease (n,v) | -y | easy |
| consider (v) | -ate | considerate |
| attract (v) | -ive | attractive |
3. So sánh hơn, nhất
So sánh hơn dùng khi so sánh giữa 2 sự vật. So sánh nhất dùng khi so sánh nhiều hơn 2 sự vật. Để hình thành tính từ so sánh, chúng ta sẽ xem xét số lượng âm tiết trong tính từ gốc.
TÍNH TỪ ĐƠN ÂM
Đối với tính từ đơn âm, ta thêm đuôi -er đối với so sánh hơn và đuôi -est đồng thời thêm the phía trước tính từ đối với so sánh nhất. Nếu tính từ được hình thành từ phụ âm + nguyên âm đơn + phụ âm (không phải âm câm), phụ âm cuối cùng phải được tăng gấp đôi trước khi thêm đuôi.
| Tính từ | So sánh hơn | So sánh hơn nhất |
| tall | taller | the tallest |
| fat | fatter | the fattest |
| big | bigger | the biggest |
| sad | sadder | the saddest |
TÍNH TỪ CÓ HAI ÂM TIẾT
Đối với tính từ có 2 âm tiết, chúng ta chia thành 2 trường hợp:
- So sánh hơn thì thêm đuôi -er, so sánh nhất thì thêm đuôi –est đồng thời thêm thephía trước tính từ
e.g.: Traffic jam gets heavier near rush hour.
- So sánh hơn kém thì thêm more/lesstrước tính từ, so sánh nhất thì thêm the most/least trước tính từ.
e.g.: Traffic jam has become one of the most serious problems in recent years.
LƯU Ý
Lưu ý: Nếu không chắc nên chọn cách nào, hãy chọn cách an toàn là sử dụng more và most. Đối với những tính từ tận cùng là -y, đổi -y thành -i trước khi thêm đuôi so sánh vào.
e.g.:
| Tính từ | So sánh hơn | So sánh hơn nhất |
| happy | happier | the happiest |
| simple | simpler | the simplest |
| busy | busier | the busiest |
| serious | more serious | the most serious |
| upset | more upset | the most upset |
TÍNH TỪ CÓ BA ÂM TIẾT TRỞ LÊN
Tính từ với ba hoặc nhiều âm tiết tạo thành sự so sánh bằng cách đặt more phía trước tính từ, và đặt the most trước tính từ so sánh hơn nhất.
| Tính từ | So sánh hơn | So sánh hơn nhất |
| important | more important | the most important |
| expensive | more expensive | the most expensive |
MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP NGOẠI LỆ
Những tính từ rất phổ biến này có dạng so sánh hơn và so sánh hơn nhất ngoại lệ.
| Tính từ | So sánh hơn | So sánh hơn nhất |
| good | better | the best |
| bad | worse | the worst |
| little | less | the least |
| much | more | the most |
| far | further/ farther | the furthest/ farthest |
4. Order of Adj (thứ tự các tính từ)
Khi có nhiều hơn 1 tính từ đứng trước danh từ, các tính từ được sắp xếp theo một thứ tự cố định. Thông thường, các tính từ thể hiện cảm xúc, ý kiến cá nhân (amazing, good…) sẽ đứng đầu tiên, sau đó là các ý kiến trung lập, khách quan hơn (red, plastic…).
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Op | S | A | Sh | C | O | M | P |
| Opinion | Size | Age | Shape | Color | Origin | Material | Purpose |
| unusual | big | young | round | pink | Dutch | metal | cleaning |
e.g.:
It was made of a strange, green, metallic material.
1 5 7
It’s a long, narrow, plastic brush.
2 4 7
She was a beautiful, tall, young, Vietnamese woman.
1 2 3 6
Bài tập tính từ
Exercise 1
Viết tính từ ở dạng so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất vào các cột sau đây.
| STT | Word | Comparative form | Superlative form |
| 1 | pretty |
|
|
| 2 | incredible |
|
|
| 3 | healthy |
|
|
| 4 | stupid |
|
|
| 5 | narrow |
|
|
| 6 | pleased |
|
|
| 7 | quiet |
|
|
| 8 | handsome |
|
|
| 9 | natural |
|
|
| 10 | catchy |
|
|
Exercise 2.
Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.
1. Among a lot of tourist attractions across the globe, I would like to go to the Eiffel Tower, one of the most (icon) ………………… places in the world.
2. It was very (care) ………………… of you to leave the key on the taxi.
3. I would like to talk about my favorite leisure time activity, which is reading (history) ………………… novels.
4. Eating a moderate amount of chocolate is good for our health; however, if we overuse it, it can be extremely (harm) ………………
5. Although my mom is a simply dressed person, she always looks (attract) …………………
6. Among the people I have met, I am really impressed with Mrs. Lan, who is a (succeed) ……………………… business woman and a dedicated mother.
7. The (picture) ……………………… scenery in Denmark really took my breath away.
8. Efforts to reduce the consequences that are caused by rising temperature should be done on a (globe) ………………… scale.
9. My former teacher is a (motivate) ………………… person, who always gives me encouragement to have further understanding of Literature.
10. Well, I would like to work in a (compete) …………………… environment where I can boost my energy and creativity.
Exercise 3. Đọc và chọn đáp án đúng.
The blue whale is the largest living animal to have ever lived on the planet Earth. Blue Whales are way larger than the largest dinosaur that ever lived. The largest Blue Whales can grow as large as 100 feet long, which is longer than three school buses put together!
Even though blue whales are huge, they eat tiny creatures known as krill. Krill are tiny shrimp-like animals. The whale simply opens its mouth, fills it with krill and salt water, and filters the water out of plates in its mouth called baleen. The blue whale may eat over 8,000 pounds of krill in a single day!
1. The Blue Whale is …………………
A. large, but smaller than some dinosaurs.
B. large, but smaller than a school bus.
C. larger than any animal that has ever lived on Earth.
2. A blue whale eats …………………
A. big fish.
B. small creatures called krill.
C. shark
3. A Blue Whale can grow as long as ………………… feet.
A. 100
B. 1000
C. 8000
4. Which is NOT true?
A. A blue whale can eat over 8,000 pounds of krill in a day.
B. A blue whale is larger than the largest dinosaurs.
C. The blue whale is smaller than some elephants.
5. What happens to the salt water that the blue whale gulps?
A. It swallows the water.
B. It filters the water out.
C. It turns it to fresh water.
Giải đáp bài học và bài tập:
Exercise 4: Cho dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc để tạo thành câu có nghĩa.
1. I hate being around Mary Lou, she is __________________. (friendly).
2. The stock market crash of 1929 left my great-grandfather___________________. (penny)
3. I have a class at 8:00 a.m. but I am always________________. (sleep)
4. I think we should try something else. That strategy seems way too________________. (risk)
5. When you work at a nuclear power plant, you have to be extremely _________________. (care)
6. I had to take three months off when I was pregnant, but my boss has been very ____________. (understand)
Exercise 5: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi câu sau.
1. It isn't quite_________that he will be present at the meeting.
A. right B. exact C. certain D. formal
2. As there was a _____________ cut in the hospital, the surgeon had to call off the operation.
A.power B. powering C. powder D. powerful
3. Could you please_________an appointment for me to see Mr. Smith?
A. manage B. arrange C. take D. have
4. The police_________her for helping the murderer to escape.
A. caught B. searched C. brought D. arrested
5. When John_________in London, he went to see the Houses of Parliament.
A. came B. reached C. arrived D. got
6. I read an interesting _________in a newspaper about farming today.
A. article B. advertisement C. composition D. explanation
7. Students are expected to _________their classes regularly.
A. assist B. frequent C. attend D. present
8. Before you sign anything important, pay careful _________to all the conditions.
A.notice B. attention C. regards D. reference
9. In the central region the dry season is long and severe, and the _________annual rainfall is only about 70 cm.
A. refreshing B. general C. average D. greatest
10. As soon as the children were_________, their mother got them out of bed and into the bathroom.
A. woke B. wake C. awake D. waken
Exercise 6: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào đoạn văn.
[...] Chimpanzees in the wild like to snack on termites, and youngsters learn to fish for them by pocking long sticks and other (1)____tools into the mounds that large groups of termites build. Researchers found that (2)______average female chimps in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania learnt how to do termite fishing at the age of 31 months, more than two years earlier than the males.
The females seem to learn by watching mothers. Researcher Dr. Elisabeth V. Lonsdorf, director of field conservation at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, said that it is (3)_____to find that, when a young male and female are near a mound, 'she's really focusing on termite fishing and he's spinning himself round (4)_______circles'. Dr Landsdorf and colleagues are studying chimpanzees at the zoo with a new, specially created termite mound, filled with mustard (5)________than termites. [...]
| Question 1: | A. relative | B. similar | C. close | D. connected |
| Question 2: | A. at | B. by | C. on | D. for |
| Question 3: | A. typical | B. regular | C. ordinary | D. frequent |
| Question 4: | A. in | B. with | C. to | D. through |
| Question 5: | A. other | B. else | C. instead | D. rather |
Exercise 7: Cho dạng đúng của những từ sau đây để tạo thành một bài Speaking part 2 hoàn chỉnh.
Well, I would like to talk about the final football match between U23 Vietnam and U23 Uzbekistan in Asian Football Championship in January, 2018.
You know, it is still spectacular and (1-impress)_______ although our team didn’t win the cup for the following two reasons. Firstly because the team contributed a (2-note)________ performance in the decisive match under extremely (3-freeze)_________ weather. After (4-miracle)__________ victories over Iraq and Qatar, our team was expected to create another mircale and be the champion. The team played with all the strength and attempt they had despite the harsh weather condition.
Secondly, our team is the representative of patriotism and pride of (5-nation)__________ identity. As you know, thanks to excellent team spirit, the intense snow couldn’t prevent our boys from moving forward and fought couragously. They tried their best to bring the (6-prestige)__________ trophy to our country. Vietnamese people as well as other countries’ residents really appreciated their constant effort throughout the tournament. Although we lost 1-2 by team Uzbekistan at the last minute and couldn’t claim championship, we have still felt so (7-pride)___________ of our “heroes” and now they are the new-generation idols of our country.
Exercise 8: Mỗi câu sau đây chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. Averagefamily size has increased from the Victorian era.
2. The riches in Vietnam are becoming richer and richer.
3. In 1892, the first long-distance telephone line between Chicago and New York was formally opening.
4. Dietitians urge people to eat a banana a day to get potassium enough in their diet.
5. Woody Guthriehas writtenthousands of songs during her lifetime, many of which became classic folk songs.
6. The development of transistors made possible it to reduce the size of many electronic devices.
7. My father is a good family man, completely devoted for his wife and kids.
8. The price of gold depends on several factor, including supply and demand in relation to the value of the dollar.
9. Weatherand geography conditions may determine the type of transportation used in a region.
10. Those people were so friend that I didn’t want to say goodbye to them.
Exercise 9: Sắp xếp các tính từ sau theo đúng trật tự mô tả trong câu.
1. a long face (thin)
2. big clouds (black)
3. a sunny day (lovely)
4. a wide avenue (long)
5. a metal box (black/ small)
6. a big cat (fat/ black)
7. a /an little village (old/ lovely)
8. long hair (black/ beautiful)
9. an /a old painting (interesting/ French)
10. an/ a enormous umbrella (red/ yellow)
ĐÁP ÁN
Exercise 1.
| STT | Word | Comparative form | Superlative form |
| 1 | pretty | prettier | the prettiest |
| 2 | incredible | more incredible | the most incredible |
| 3 | healthy | healthier | the healthiest |
| 4 | stupid | more stupid | the most stupid |
| 5 | narrow | narrower | the narrowest |
| 6 | pleased | more pleased | the most pleased |
| 7 | quiet | quieter | the quietest |
| 8 | handsome | more handsome | the most handsome |
| 9 | natural | more natural | the most natural |
| 10 | catchy | catchier | the catchiest |
Exercise 2.
| 1. iconic 2. careless 3. historical 4. harmful 5. attractive | 6. successful 7. picturesque 8. global 9. motivated 10. competitive |
Exercise 3.
| 1. C 2. B 3. A | 4. C 5. B |
Exercise 4
1. unfriendly
2. penniless
3. sleepy
4. risky
5. careful
6. understanding
Exercise 5
1C 2A 3B 4D 5C
6A 7C 8B 9C 10C
Exercise 6
1B 2C 3A 4A 5D
Exercise 7
1. impressive
2. notable
3. freezing
4. miraculous
5. national
6. prestigous
7. proud
Exercise 8
1. from => since
2. The riches => The rich
3. Opening => opened
4. Potassium enough=> enough potassium
5. Became => have become/ become
6. madepossible it=> made it possible
7. for => to
8. Factor => factors
9. geography=> geographical
10. Friend => friendly
Exercise 9
1. a long thin face
2. big black clouds
3.a lovely sunny day
4. a long wide avenue
5. a small black metal box
6. a big fat black cat
7. a lovely little old village
8. beautiful long black hair
9. an interesting old French painting
10. an enormous red and yellow umbrella
Trên đây là những chia sẻ kiến thức về tính từ trong tiếng Anh (Adjectives) - Vị trí, cách hình thành tính từ trong câu và bài tập để các bạn luyện tập. Hi vọng rằng sẽ giúp các bạn có thêm kiến thức ngữ pháp vững chắc nhé. Nếu có bất cứ thắc mắc gì các bạn hãy comment ở dưới bài viết được IELTS Fighter hỗ trợ.
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- Các thì trong tiếng Anh và cách nhớ lâu
