Đây là một dạng khó trong band 8 phần IELTS reading. Chính vì vậy nên bạn cần phải học thật kĩ phần này nhé. Trước khi áp dụng bài tập bại cần phải xem lại chiến thuật làm bài của dạng này.

Xem lại phần hướng dẫn luyện tập Unit 2: Chiến thuật làm bài True/false/not given

Cùng Ielts-fighter nghiên cứu ví dụ nhỏ sau nhé!

“Chiles originate in South America and have been eaten for at least 9,500 years”

Sau đây là câu nhận định – cần xác định TRUE, FALSE hay NOT GIVEN:

  1. Chiles come from South America
  2. People began eating Chiles in the last few centuries
  3. South Americans were the first people to start eating Chiles

Câu 1 chắc chắn là đáp án true. Ta có thể thấy từ đồng nghĩa - synonym 'come from' được dùng để thay cho từ 'originates'.

Câu 2 là false vì là “9,500 years ago chứ không phải “a few 100 years ago”.

Câu 3 không có trong bài –NOT GIVEN. Không có thông tin về về South Americans là người đầu tiên ăn Chiles.

 

Bây giờ chúng ta luyện tập bài đọc full nhé!

Do the following statements agree with the information in the text? Mark them:

T if the statement agrees with the text
F if the statement does not agree with the text
NG if there is no information about this in the text

Chilies

Chiles originate in South America and have been eaten for at least 9,500 years. Organised cultivation began around 5,400BC. Christopher Columbus was the first European to encounter chilies, when he landed on the island of Hispaniola in 1492. He thought it was a type of pepper and called it the “red pepper”, a name still used today. After their introduction to Europe they were an immediate sensation and were quickly incorporated into the diet. From there they spread to Africa, India and East Asia.

The reason for the chili’s “hotness” lies in a chemical called Capsaisin. Capsaisin causes temporary irritation to the trigeminal cells, which are the pain receptors in the mouth, nose and throat. After the pain messages are transmitted to the brain, endorphins, natural pain killers, are released and these not only kill the pain but give the chili eater a short lived natural high. Other side effects include: an increased heart rate, a running nose and 

increased salivation and sweating, which can have a cooling effect in hot climates.

The reason for the presence of Capsaisin is thought to be to deter animals from eating the fruit. Only mammals feel the burning effects; birds feel nothing. As birds are a better method of distributing the seeds, which pass intact through their guts, Capsaisin would seem to be a result of natural selection.

The smaller chilies tend to be the hottest. This may reflect the fact that they tend to grow closer to the ground and are therefore more vulnerable to animals. The heat of a chili is measured on the Scoville scale. The hottest types such as the Habenero and the Scotch Bonnet rate between 100,000 and 300,000, the world famous Tabasco sauceÒ rates at 15,000 to 30,000, about the same as the Thai prik khee nu, while the popular Jalapeno is between 5,000 and 15,000. Powdered chili is 500 to 1,000 and the mild capsicins and paprikas can range between 100 and 0.

325 wds

Hướng dẫn giải bài

Question 1

Chilies became popular as soon as they were brought into Europe

“After their introduction to Europe they were an immediate sensation and were quickly incorporated into the diet”

Đáp án là True vì ta có thể thấy:

Became popular = sensation

As soon as = immediately

Brought into = introduced

Question 2

Capsaisin damages the mouth

Capsaisin causes temporary irritation the trigeminal cells.

Đáp án là FASLE vì câu nhận định khẳng định 'damage'. Nghĩa ngược với cụm từ “temporary irritation'.

Question 3

Chilies can be part of a birds diet

Only mammals feel the burning effects; birds feel nothing. As birds are a better method of distributing the seeds, which pass intact through their guts

Đáp án là TRUE vì câu trên chỉ ra rằng “birds feel nothing” có nghĩa là “chiles are eaten by birds”. Nói một cách khác “chiles can be a part of a birds diet”

Question 4

All large chilies grow high off the ground

The smaller chilies tend to be the hottest. This may reflect the fact that they tend to grow closer to the ground and are therefore more vulnerable to animals.

Chúng ta co thể thấy thông tin “chiles grow closer to the ground”. Vì vậy có thể đoán là nhiều cây cao mọc cao hơn so với mặt đất. Tuy nhiên không thể đoán là “all large chiles'. Được. Vậy đáp án là Not Given.

Question 5

People breed chilies for their heat

The heat of a chili is measured on the Scoville scale.

Đáp án là NOT GIVEN. Chúng ta được cho thông tin về sức nóng (heat), mô tả sức nóng như thế  nào nhưng không có thông tin “people breed chiles” cả.

 

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